Editorial Policy

Who writes for us

Every article is written or edited by a named contributor with demonstrable subject expertise. Author profiles list qualifications, field experience and areas of specialism. We do not publish anonymous articles.

Sourcing standards

We prioritise primary sources: peer-reviewed toxinology and ecology literature, IUCN Red List assessments, WHO guidance, national poison-centre protocols and government wildlife agencies. Secondary reporting is used only for context and is labelled as such.

• Clinical claims are traced to published guidance or case literature.
• Population and conservation figures cite the assessment year.
• Where evidence is contested or thin, the article says so explicitly.
• We do not cite other content websites as authorities for facts.

Review before publication

Draft articles are checked for species identification, distribution accuracy, venom pharmacology and first-aid alignment with current guidance. Articles touching on emergency care are reviewed a second time before release.

Updating and corrections

Articles carry a published date and an updated date. Substantive corrections are made promptly and noted where a reader's understanding would otherwise be affected. To report an error, email us with the article URL and the specific claim.

Independence

Advertising and sponsorship are separated from editorial decision-making. No advertiser reviews content before publication, and no commercial relationship changes what we conclude.

Use of AI tools

We use software for transcription, spelling and formatting support. We do not publish machine-generated articles. Every published piece is researched, written and verified by a named human contributor who is accountable for its accuracy.